WORK SAMPLE 1:
UTTERANCES, WANDERINGS
for open duration flexible string instrumentation
commissioned by the VIVO Music Festival
>>>score<<<
>>>stochastic practice version of dynamic score system<<<
note: the following video has three different iterations of the piece that took place over the course of a concert.
utterances, wanderings was commissioned to accompany the works of Italian composer Giacinto Scelsi, whose compositional process often embraced improvisation, collaboration, and new technologies. He would often record his improvisations on the ondiola and then transcribe (or have trusted friends and collaborators transcribe) those recordings, arranging them for different combinations of acoustic instruments. Drawing inspiration from this process, utterances, wanderings uses a custom AI model to place a detailed analysis of Scelsi’s music in conversation with an analysis of my newly-composed piece in real-time during the performance. The software I’ve written “listens” to the performers and adapts, dynamically presenting them with new modules of my score to use as starting points for improvisations in a way that is (theoretically) characteristic of some of the musical decisions at play in Scelsi’s music. The audience is later invited to join in the improvisation as well, creating an immersive soundscape together using a custom app built on the same model, as well as recordings made during the performance. In a time when AI is increasingly playing an exploitive role in music-making, this piece aims to demonstrate that when used thoughtfully, it can be a tool for collaboration and co-creation. It aims to prove that as the world becomes more fractured (in part, due to these new technologies), artists and musicians can act as agents of repair and unity.
TECHNICAL NOTES
An LSTM was trained on rehearsal recordings of the Scelsi pieces on the program involving a combination of MFCCs, chroma features, and my annotations of the next module of my piece associated with averaging over a temporal window (which was tuned during the rehearsal process). In this way, it acts like a predictive algorithm based upon timbre and pitch. Using a combination of Python and Max, the MFCC and chroma calculations and consequent score module selections are communicated to the players’ tablets via Node.js and WebSockets. In order for performers to practice and gain fluency with the interface and materials, I created a stochastic version (without live analysis) of the algorithm. That can be accessed here.
Additionally, I created a very simple web app for audience participation for the post-concert talk-back and reception, where audience members could improvise and “remix” recordings from the performance to continue the chain of collaboration and co-creation integral to Scelsi’s work. That is available here. I unfortunately do not have any quality documentation of the post-concert interaction period. I designed the audioreactive visuals in response to Scelsi’s personal signature emblem (a circle above a line of roughly the same diameter), which he viewed as a less egocentric approach to attribution of his work.
WORK SAMPLE 2:
BROAD BAND
for SSSSMMAA chorus and live electronics
commissioned by Lorelei Ensemble
with support from the Yale Schwarzman Center and Kathleen & James Drummy
>>>score<<<
program notes
broad band is an exploration of the history (and future) of human speech synthesis, from the first attempts at electronic speech synthesis at Bell Labs in the 1920s to the ubiquitous AI-powered speech synthesis tools flooding our lives today. The texts are sourced from hallmark technologies in speech synthesis and transmission (including the VODER, IBM 7090, discourse around radio and broadcast journalism, and ChatGPT’s voice models), and the music attempts to view these developments from nearly a century ago through today’s eyes. Modern anxieties about labor and automation, intellectual property, the uncanny valley, and surveillance capitalism heavily shade the seemingly innocent demonstrations and celebrations of technological progress that came before, with the resultant music ranging from humorous to deeply unsettling.
The piece involves not only the singers’ voices (both unaltered and processed), but also custom small-scale clones of their voices (note: all cloning was done with the full consent and participation of the singers, and we developed a specialized licensing contract that allows them to retain full control of their training data, the training process, and the resultant models). All training and inference occurs locally and without the use of data centers, as both privacy and sustainability were important to both the singers and the composer. The friction between the actual singers’ voices and their clones further underscores the expressive limitations of attempts to replicate the human voice – no matter how sophisticated! – and underscores the sanctity of human-centered creativity.
Texts (and references):
I. dataset
Hello, world1
II. she saw me
She saw me2
III. daisy
Daisy, Daisy, give me your answer, do
I’m half crazy all for the love of you
It won’t be a stylish marriage
I can’t afford a carriage
But you’ll look sweet upon the seat
Of a bicycle built for two3
-text of “Daisy Bell” by Henry Dacre, 1892
(Additionally, portions of the electronics feature ChatGPT’s synthesized voice model demo pack) 4
IV. too
Too high
Too flat
Too mechanical
Too robotic
Too emotional
Too shrill
Too unlikable
Too selfish
Too much
Much too much
Not enough
Never enough5
1 Typically, the first thing that computer programmers learn is how to print a test message; the phrase “Hello, world” is the canonical one that has been in use since at least the early 70s
2 Phrase used to demonstrate Homer Dudley’s VODER (1939), one of the first attempts at electronic vocal synthesis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsdOej_nC1M
3 First song ever “sung” by a computer, in 1961 (other fun trivia: Max Mathews, for whom Max/MSP is named, actually programmed the musical accompaniment): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41U78QP8nBk
4 You may already be familiar with some of these voices, but here are the examples that OpenAI provides: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/y3yKvqqiUv0
5 Adjectives taken from various publications discussing electronic media5on of female voices (in particular whether or not women should be allowed on the radio or broadcast media) between ca 1920 to present
WORK SAMPLE 3:
SUBSUMPTION, NO. 1
site-specific interactive sound, light, and film installation
designed in collaboration with particle physicist and filmmaker James Beacham
(all code, interaction design, sound design, lighting design, and actual installation done by me; film by James)
program notes
A collaboration between creative technologist Tina Tallon and particle physicist and filmmaker James Beacham, Subsumption, No. 1 is a site-specific interactive sound, light, and video installation which examines different registers in which we engage with hidden physical, psychological, and social structures and the emergent behaviors that result from these interactions. The viewer is complicit in the construction of their experience, unique to each participant, subject to rules not fully legible—and perhaps unknowable—but inescapable. The viewer’s movements through the cryptoporticus mold field recordings, images, and data from the Large Hadron Collider at CERN into new visual and sonic patterns, questioning the biases that lead us to classify stimuli as noise or signal in an effort to elucidate the underlying structures that give rise to our experiences of space and time. Subsumption, No. 1 asks what we owe ourselves – and more importantly, what we owe each other – in protecting spaces of potentiality for all of the stories that have yet to be told, both on human and cosmic timescales. Ultimately, it asks us to consider our roles in constructing and maintaining unjust hegemonies, and to imagine what alternatives may exist if only we refuse to accept the status quo and insist upon continuing to search.
technical notes
Installed in the cryptoporticus of the American Academy in Rome during January and February 2022, the installation is comprised of a network of 3500 individually-addressable LEDs woven into over 3500 m2 of transparent nylon webbing encompassing the space, a film projected onto a raised, horizontal screen film, 8 channels of live audio spread along the corridor, and a network of ultrasonic proximity sensors that control the spatialization and behavior of the audio and lights.
The webbing into which the lights are interwoven is designed to be as transparent as possible when the overhead lights in the space are on, with the nuances of the structure only becoming apparent in the dark as visitors activate the lights that articulate the space. The piece first opened to the public during the AAR’s Winter Open Studios exhibition, but was left running for the next month after for data collection.
The drone is created via a feedback loop in the ancient Roman aqueduct segment that runs underneath of the American Academy’s cryptoporticus, which is activated by the vibrations from the steps of the people above. The air column in the aqueduct in turn vibrates the screen of the projection box above the access shaft through which the film is being projected, which gives a haptic experience of the physical and electronic processes at play in producing the sound.
A network of ultrasonic motion sensors along the length of the cryptoporticus controls both the spatialization of the lights and the audio, allowing the interaction to both follow the users around the space and attempt to entice them to move to other locations. Data related to timing and location is collected and used to train a simple machine learning algorithm, resulting in the constant evolution of the ways in which it follows and attempts to guide them through the space. (Thankfully, because of COVID restrictions, very few people could enter the space at a time, which led to a high degree of granularity and personalization of the experience.) Each light is mapped to a pixel in the film, and through the interaction design, the visitor is able to “play” the video into the LED network.
(click on any of the photos below to see components in more detail.)
